Chief Imam of Imo State, Sheikh Suleiman Njoku, tells ABDULLATEEF FOWEWE the challenges Muslims are facing in the South-East and the importance of Zakat during Ramadan
How did your family become a Muslim family in Igboland?
I am Sheikh Suleiman Njoku, and currently serving as the chief Imam of Imo State and also holding the position of Chairman of the League of Imams of Imo State. I come from a family with a strong Muslim background, as my father was an Imam at a central mosque in Imo State. I was raised in the teachings of Islam, and I am not the only one in my family with knowledge of the religion. Regarding how my family embraced Islam in an Igbo community, I believe it was a divine blessing bestowed upon us. When Allah intends to guide a certain group, He sends individuals who share their language and culture. This process is gradual, which is why Islam is steadily spreading in Imo State.
However, maintaining individuals who embrace Islam in the state poses challenges due to limited facilities. It is evident that embracing Islam involves more than just the declaration of faith; it also requires educating new converts on the fundamental aspects of Islam. While progress may not be as desired, the growth of Islam in Imo State is a source of gratitude.
What is the experience of practicing Islam in an Igbo community?
Embracing Islam in an Igbo community is a source of joy and gratitude. Islam is viewed as a comprehensive way of life that guides all aspects of life. A significant challenge faced is the blending of culture with religion, which can lead to deviations from Islamic teachings. Islam emphasises the importance of not associating anything else with Allah, a principle reiterated in the daily prayers where believers affirm their surrender and devotion solely to Him. Meanwhile, if you’re able to fulfil this, you will become a peaceful person because you have surrendered totally to the will of Allah.
We are actively making efforts to educate our people and create awareness about the fundamental distinction between culture and religion. It is imperative that our community understands that cultural practices, whether positive or negative, should not be erroneously associated with the teachings of Islam or any other faith. By promoting this awareness, we aim to foster inclusivity, understanding, and peace among all individuals, regardless of their religious backgrounds.
What are the misconceptions of the Igbo society about Muslims in Igboland?
In Igboland, there exist various misconceptions held by the Igbo regarding Muslims. These misconceptions primarily stem from the character and actions of certain bandits in the northern region of Nigeria, such as Boko Haram, as well as negative practices associated with some Muslims in that area. Unfortunately, as a result of these experiences, our people tend to mistakenly believe that all Muslims are the same. Nevertheless, it is crucial to recognise the fallacy in this generalisation. Every individual, irrespective of religious affiliation, possesses unique qualities and behaviours, both positive and negative. Such individual differences should not be erroneously attributed to an entire faith or religion.
Due to experiences with particular individuals in the northern part of the country who engage in harmful activities, our people have come to believe that such behaviour is what Islam advocates or encourages. This misguided perception is the reason why, when someone embraces Islam, they are often called upon to attend a meeting where they warn them against acts of violence or any attempts to introduce Boko Haram-related activities into our community.
I have been following the teachings of the Prophet and strive to maintain peace with everyone, regardless of their faith. Some non-Muslims even accept Islam because of my behaviour. I adhere to Islamic principles and have never had any conflicts with others. It is important to practice Islam as a Muslim.
Despite being a minority in Imo State, we are grateful that Islam is growing. Many struggle to practice due to the lack of knowledge. Some individuals struggle to consistently perform their five daily prayers, especially if they are not near a mosque. However, I prioritise following the will of Allah over people’s opinions. When it is time to pray, I make sure to find a place to pray, no matter where I am. I do not care about what people think of me, as I am not seeking their approval. I do what I do for my God, even though many lack the fundamental knowledge to understand my strong beliefs. As a lawyer, I practice both Sharia and common laws, and I am aware of my rights. Some people fear Sharia law, not realising it is similar to the commandments given to Moses and Joseph. Many people accept faith without seeking proper knowledge, which is why I returned to Imo State after living in Nasarawa State with my family. I realised that I had responsibilities in my state that needed my attention, which was why I returned to Imo State.
What are the requirements for practicing Islam in Igboland?
There are no special requirements; Islam is the same everywhere in the world. All that is needed is to recite the Kalimat Shahadah (declaration of faith) with a sincere intention to worship the one true God; believe that Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the last prophet; adhere to the five pillars of Islam; and regularly perform prayers, as prayer is the foundation of Islam. Prophet Muhammad said, ‘Salah (prayer) is the pillar of Islam; whoever establishes it, establishes his/her Islam, and whoever destroys it, destroys his/her Islam’. This is because prayer prevents one from engaging in unlawful activities.
Is there any Arabic education institution in Imo State?
Not really. We are seeking assistance from individuals and organisations with the capacity to invest in Islamic education. We need Islamic schools where people can learn more about Islam; it is a thing that needs a lot of concentration.
Is it true that Igbo Muslims practice Islam because they receive money from the Arabs?
In the Qur’an, Allah mentions eight categories of people who are eligible to receive voluntary charity (sadaqat), and among them are those who are poor. Islam allows giving money to those who are weak in practicing their salaat to encourage them. However, the allegation that Igbo practice Islam for monetary gain is incorrect. Allah has made it clear that Al-Jannat (paradise) is the reward for those who obey Him and the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Paradise cannot be attained through wealth or hypocrisy. The Qur’an states that one must accept Islam sincerely and acknowledge that there is no God but Allah.
Therefore, anyone who claims that the Igbo embrace Islam for financial reasons likely does not understand the true essence of the faith. Islam requires wholehearted acceptance, and it is emphasised in the hadith that ‘actions are judged by intentions’. Those who embrace Islam solely for financial gains may receive the money but may ultimately be denied paradise. It is better to accept Islam to worship Allah and follow His rules and regulations.
However, the allegations are wrong and it is not true that the Igbo accept Islam because of money. God commanded those who have money to do charity for the needy, so, one should not think about accepting Islam because of such, join with the mind to worship Allah, and know that when you die you will enjoy your time afterlife; anyone should not accept Islam because of material things that will come and go, one shouldn’t sell his/her heaven because of it; so, we Igbo Muslims thank God because He guided us, and the prophet says that he left two things behind for Muslims – the Qur’an and Sunnah (the way of the prophet) – and anyone who follows them accordingly will never go astray.
Do Muslims in Igboland face discrimination?
Yes, you know my people are very funny; even as a Muslim you can’t get any job from the state government, meanwhile, the Igbo go to places where Muslims are living and they get jobs easily without any form of discrimination. But in Imo State, once they see you’re bearing a Muslim name, they will remove your name from the list of jobseekers and ask you to go to the North for jobs, but God commanded us to love them and we do. Also, our ladies cannot wear hijabs because of the fear of attack. If they wear hijabs they will be called Boko-haram, but I usually tell them to shun any form of distraction and follow the commandment of God to rule their lives.
The Igbo don’t like marrying Muslims and they to discourage anyone who wants to marry Muslims.
Have the Muslims in Imo State had the opportunity to meet the state governor?
I often lead the Muslim community to the Government House to meet with the governor. Our governor, Hope Uzodimma, has shown exceptional support for Muslims in the state. Last year, he sponsored 200 Muslims from the state to Mecca for the Hajj, a gesture that a few governors in Nigeria have matched. Governor Uzodimma is a just leader who does not discriminate. He understands that a leader’s primary duty is to be just to the people, and he ensures that everyone can practice their religion peacefully, albeit with some restrictions.
How do you manage to balance your profession as a lawyer with your role as a Muslim leader in Imo State?
Balancing my profession with my role as a Muslim leader requires understanding my community members and their needs. I carefully observe their behaviour and adjust my approach to manage both responsibilities effectively. Fortunately, my community is supportive, which makes balancing these roles easier. I strive not to discriminate against anyone and approach my interactions with knowledge and wisdom. This strategy has proven successful in both my professional life and my leadership role within the Muslim community.
Can you explain the significance and objectives of Ramadan?
In Islam, Ramadan is not just about abstaining from food and drinks; it’s a time to purify the soul, refocus attention on God, and practice self-discipline and self-control. It’s a month of spiritual reflection, increased devotion, and worship. One of the primary objectives of fasting is to develop empathy for the less fortunate and to feel the pains of hunger and thirst that many people around the world experience every day. It’s also a time for Muslims to strengthen their relationship with God through prayer, fasting, and acts of charity.
As Muslims, we are encouraged to give to the needy and help those less fortunate than ourselves. For example, in our mosque, we feed our Muslim brothers in prison every day during Ramadan. This act of charity is not just about providing food; it’s about showing compassion and empathy towards those in need. Ramadan teaches us to be grateful for what we have and to share our blessings with others.
It’s important to remember that Ramadan is not just about abstaining from food and drink during the daylight hours. It’s about purifying the soul, practicing self-discipline, and strengthening our relationship with God. By fasting and engaging in acts of charity, we can achieve these objectives and reap the spiritual rewards of this blessed month.
Are there any challenges Muslims in Imo State are encountering during this sacred month?
There are challenges, particularly due to economic constraints. Fasting in a community with fewer resources can be demanding, especially when it comes to providing enough food for iftar. However, we remain grateful to God for guiding us through these challenges, although we can use more assistance, especially in providing meals.
How does the concept of Zakat (charity giving) relate to Ramadan?
During Ramadan, the importance of giving Zakat is emphasised. It is not only a yearly obligation but also a fundamental part of the faith. Those who have the means to give Zakat and refuse to do so are considered unbelievers and will be punished by Allah if they die and leave money behind. This underscores the significance of charity in Islam, especially during Ramadan, as it is considered a right of God.
What advice would you give to Muslims during this holy month?
Ramadan is a sacred time when the Quran was revealed to be offering guidance to humanity. It is a month full of blessings, and it is essential for Muslims to observe it with piety and devotion. One crucial aspect of Ramadan is feeding others, so Muslims should make an effort to share their blessings with those in need. Additionally, they should remember God at all times and strive to keep their minds and hearts focused on Him.
